colton



3 Sheets-Sheet l.

(N0 Model.)

A. GOLTON.

lLATER' (3H-UCK,

Patented Mar. 18, 1884.

NSW

vNo. 295

N u 4 A, 1

. (Nomad.) 'Y s sheets-snee: 2.

G. A. OOLTON.

LAT-HE'GHUGK.

No..295,230.- 'Patented Mar. 1s,v 1884.

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GLA. COLTONL LATHB, CHUCK.

No. 295,230. Patented Mar. 18, 1884.

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` Nitrit" STATES A'rnnr muon.

GEORGE A. COLTON, OF SYRACUSE, NEV YORK, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO HENRY O. HOOKER, OF SAME PLACE.

LATHE-CHUCK.

SPCIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 295,230, dated March 18, 1884. Application filed January, 1884. (No model.)

To @ZZ `whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GEORGE A. COLTON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Syracuse, in the county of Onondaga and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Lathe Chucks, of which the following is a specication, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings,-in Which- Figure l is a perspective of a chuck constructed in` accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is acentral vertical section of the same. Fig. 3 isa side elevation of a jaw, its ope-ratingscrew, and a jaw-carrier and its operatingscrew, shown detached andin relative eo-operative positions. Fig. a is a rear viewof the ehuclebody with a slight portion broken away. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of a jaw-operating screw. Fig. 6 is a top view or plan of a jawcarrier. Fig. 7 is a perspective of a4 jaw inverted. Fig. S is a perspective of a concentrie boss or abutment detached. Fig. 9 isa plan and edge view of a gear-ring; and Fig. l0 is a central vertical section of an arm and a portion of the chuck body or case, the jaws and adj uncts being removed.

Like letters referto like parts in all the iigures.

rlhis application is a division of a companion application died by me March 2l, 1883, Serial No. 88,942, in which certain features hereinafter specified, but not claimed, are presented and claimed. l

The object of my invention in this instance is with reference to chucks generally, Q whether of that class having jaws moving in unison and coucentrically, or of that class having jaws moving independently, or of that class having jaws moving or adapted to be moved at will, either in unison or independently) to devise a body or case for any chuck, which body or ease shall have such features of construction, contour, and internal conformation as to be capable of being cast in one piece, conveniently presentable to machine-tools for the purpose of ittingsaid body or case `for the receptionof the movable parts of a chuck located therein or thereon, and capable of holding irregular work and of being employed in connection with the usual form of lathe-dogs to revolve work upon centers, thus serving as a special face-plate, and avoiding the necessity of frequent removals or detachments of the chuck from the lathe-spindle in order to prosecute work requiring the use of dogs.

Furthermore, the object of my invention is to construct the movable parts of a chuck in such forms and for such relative arrangement in the body or case as will co-operate with a body or case having the above mentioned characteristics, whereby the hand work required in 'fitting the elements of a chuck is reduced to a minimum, and the cheapness, simplicity, and accuracy of machine-tool Work is made available, and this, too, without a departure from machines of usual and popular forms, in contradistinction to special machine i tools-that is to say, in the manufacture of chucks constructed in accordance with my in vention, the hand-work or work with handtools is reduced to the minimum, and ordinary lathes, planers, and drills suffice ior a proper and` accurate construction of and stability,-

iirmness, and smoothness of cooperation in the elements.

Other objects and advantages of my invention will appear in the following description, and the novel features thereof will be specifi` cally set forth in the claims.

The body or case which I have devised to meet the requirements in view consists of a single casting comprising a central hollow hub, A, having a number (four in this instance) of hollow radial arms, A. The hub A is provided with a diaphragm or door, i 2, which is centrally apertured, as usual, for the passage of tool-Shanks or work. The door A2 is located in the same plane with the inner or bottom walls, c, of the waysAf, in which the jaws are mounted, so as to support the saine when they are projected into the hub, and this function is performed whether the jaws are constructed in one or several pieces, for in case single-piece jaws are employed they are made to extend to the lower ways in each arm, as hereinafter described.

All ofthe arms A/ being alike, a particular description oi one is sudicient; so, also, with 'reference to the jaws and their adj uncts.

The rear portion of the arm is cast with a closed end, which is subsequently bored to form a bearing, A4', for one end of ajaw-oper- IOO g ating screw, or, as in this instance, for the .jaw-carrier-operating screw B, the other enlarged bearing, A?, being formed in the wall of the hub A. rlhe arms A being oppositely disposed in this instance, it will be noticed that when the body is placed properly on or in any ordinary drilling-machine the bearings in two arms may be formed at one operation, and by using a well-known form of boring-tool the seats or shoulders A may be easily and accurately formed for the usual wrench and for a bevel-gear upon the screw B employed in the form of jawshown. The upper or outer surfaces ofthe bearings A4 Af" serve as and constitute a portion of the inner or bottom wall, a, of the way A3 for a jaw or the jaw-'carrier employed in this instance, while the side walls, c, are cast in the rough and subsequently finished in an ordinary planer, the opposite disposition of the arms again resulting` advantageously, in that a single operation finishes the ways in both arms and the adjacent portions of the surface of the diaphragm or floor A. In like advantageous manner the outer ways, A7, are formed, the bottom or inner walls, a, thereof being an inset and in a common plane with the outer or upper surface of the jaw-carrier C employedl in this instance, so that the independent jaw E employed in this instance has a bearing in the bodyand upon the carrier. Forming the inset produces an outer or upper wall, c2, whereby a L form of independent jaw E is used, so that it is held against upward movement and always in contact' with the carrier.

Referring now to Fig. 4, a circular depression is formed in the hub, leaving a shoulder, a3, and may be accurately finished in the ordinary lathe, so that when the body is mounted on anysuitable boss, by means of bolts seated in the holes a", it will be concentrically mountted on any lathe-spindle to which said boss has been screw-threaded, and subsequently turned or fitted while on said spindle-a matter that renders the attachment of the complete chuck to any lathe a matter of greater convenience than when said boss or spindleseat is formed as a part of the h ub or complete chuck, which might be done, though, for the above reasons, not preferably.

It will be seen by the foregoing description that the generaloutline and internal construction of the body or case preserves all of the usual advantageous featu nes of pop ular chucks,

and secures advantages not possessed by them, and is also formed of a single integral casting and capable of 'receiving'irregular work, portions of which may project rearwardly between the arms, and those portions designed to be finished or bored thus brought to the center, which could not be so positioned were the body a complete cylinder.

Attention is now-directed to the construction of the movable parts of the chuck and their adaptability to each other `and to the body or ease.

IThe first element noted is the jaw-carrier screw B. (See Figs. 2 andB.) It comprises a body, b, squared at b for a wrench, is provided with a left-hand screw-thread, b2, an enlarged cylindrical bearing or journal portion,

gear, b5, and a proj ecting'cylindrical, or it may other shaped, end-thrust projection,l bs, all of which features are formed of or as one piece. rlhe body b ts the bearing Af, the enlarged portion la fits the enlarged bearing A5, and the thrust-shoulder bL fits the bearing or seat A, while the thrust end b bears against a central core, F, and in a flat seat, f, formed in the periphery thereof. Said seatf, however,'may be changed in form to any degree so long as the thrust end b conforms thereto-as, for eX- ample, a cone shape; but a flat seat and thrust end are preferred.

It is deemed important that the entire screw B may be made on centers, its bearings, screwthread, thrusts, and gear all being formed accurately and readily by existing machine-tools. If preferred, the gear may be made separately and attached to or mounted rigidly upon the end thrust.

The jaw-carrier Gis also a single piece, and comprises a depending lug, c, screw-threaded for the reception of the thread b2 of the screw B, the body c of the carrier being adapted to fit the way A, its upper face being iiush with The upper surface of the jaw-carrier is recessed (see Fig. 6) to form two bearings, c c, and a thrust-bearing, c2, for the independent of asingle piece, (see Fig. 5,) and comprises a body, d, squared at el for a wrench, and provided with a screw-thread, d?, formed on an enlargement ofthe body,.whereby thrust-shoulders d3 d are made, a bearing, d, and an enlarged end portion, c, forming thrusts'` or l thrust shouldersddg. YV hen within the bearings of the jaw carrier, the thrust Z8 bears against the thrust-bearing c2, the thrust di thrust dv on its opposite end, and the thrust d3 on the adjacent end of the bearing c, so that the draft or strain on the screw D in either direction is firmly resisted, anda sure, firm, servicable hold is givenl to the parts concerned.

rlhe independent jaw E (see Figs. 2, 3, and 7) has oppositely-arranged side ribs, e, giving it a L form, to iitthe inset of way Al, and is screw-threaded on its under surface throughout its entire length, to fit the screw D, while the unthreaded portions of said surface are adapted to bear upon the walls a of said inset and upon the upper surface of the carrier, thus relieving the carrier from undue pressure while work is being clamped by the jaws, and at the same time giving a broad bearing or base to the independent jaw against transverse strains,which tend to spring them outof a true vertical line to the face of the chuck.

The core F is fitted to enter the hub and rest against the under side of the diaphragm or oor against the adjacent end of the bearing c, thel b, a still larger thrust-shoulder, b4, a conethe walls a of the way Al, as before stated.

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jaw-screw D, which, like the screw B, is made IIO A2, thus rel-enforcingthe same against pressure-exerted thereon by theinner ends of jaws or jawcarriers when holding small work, while the outer end of the core and of its iiangef is sustained against such pressure by the lathe-spindle boss before described. 'Ihis feature of supporting the inne'r ends of jaws by a core so supported, is availiable whether the jaws be oi a single piece or oi" two or more pieces.

A geared ring, G, which serves to communicate motion from one of the geared screws B to the others in the series, is mounted on the core F and rests upon its flange f', as shown, and its tendency to move backward from the gears when force is employed is overcome by the security with which the core isheld to place, as above described.

The operation of the chuck is apparent from the description given-that is toV say, by turning with any suitable wrench any one of the screws B,all of the jaws E are moved in or out from the center, according to the direction in which the screw is turned, and by turning any one of the screws D that jaw E which is mounted on said screw is moved Ain or out independently ofthe remaining jaws and carriers.

If a single integral jaw or jaws are employed in a body or case having the features described, and formed oi a single casting, the screws D would be lomitted, and' the jaw and carrierv would be integral. I i

I do not broadly claima-chuck having jaws capable of independent and common movement, nor do I claim the use of bevel-geared screws in connection with a geared ring for such common movement of the jaws. Furthermore, I do not inl this instance claim the independent jaw7 and screw in connection with the carrier having the lug and with the gea-red screw and ring, nor such elements when the carrier-screw gear is provided with a thrustshoulder, as, this subject-matter is claimed in the above-mentioned companion application. Furthermore, I do not wish to be understood as herein limiting my invention to the exact details and proportions of the chuck shown, but reserve my right to alter the same in any manner and to any extent within the skill of persons conversant with the construction of chucks, for it is evident that minor features may be altered and yet many advantages of an integral body over one formed in parts for the introduction and support oi' the movable elements may be retained. rIhe larger inner bearing, A5, for example, which permits the passage of the screw-threaded portion of the screw B, may be omitted, and a removable collar and gear be substituted, the former as and for the bearing A, and the latter for the fixed gear b5, whereby the screw B might be inserted from and at the outer'end of an arm, A', and still the body be cast in one piece. Other minor changes may be made without loss of advantages arising from-my 'novel features of construction. A tight compartment is formed by the hub-walls, the floor A`, and the core, in which the bevel-gears and ring are located, whereby no dust, grit, or dirt can clog these parts, and it is evident that this advantage might beretained and yet other features of the parts involved may be omitted.

Having described my invention, what I claim 1. A chuck. body or case comprising a hub and radial arms, the latter provided with ways for jaws or jaws and jaw-carriers, substantially as specified.

2. A chuck body or case comprising a hub` and projecting radial jaw -supporting arms, the whole being cast in one piece, substantially as specified.

3. A chuck body or case comprising a hub,

and hollow radial arms having internal bearings, as A* A5, the whole being formed in one b2, bearing t, gear b5, and thrusts or shoulders b* b, substantially as shown and described.

r7. The screw D,comprising the body ,bearing all, and thrusts did* dl de, substantially as shown and described.

S. The combination of the jaw E and screw D, having thrusts d3 d" d d, with the carrier having the bearingsA c c c2, substantially as shown and described.

9. The combination of the armi A, having the bearings A* A5, and formed as a part of the hub A, having seat A, the screw B, having the body b, enlarged portions b3 Z, and a jaw or a jaw-carrier, substantially as speciiied.

10. The combination, with the chuck-body having the hollow radial arms provided with ways, and a diaphragm or floor, A2, of jaws or jaw-carriers adapted to said ways, and a core, as F, arranged against said diaphragm or door, substantially as specified.

il. The screw D, having the enlarged portion d6, forming the thrusts or shoulders d? is at its inner end, substantially as specified.

12. The hub A, having bearings A? andv door A2, in combination with the core F, having flange f', and with geared ring G and bei;- el-gears b5, substantially asspeciiied.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

' GEORGE A. GOLTON.

lVitnesses: c

J; WILLIAM lVrLsoN, Trios. HOOKER.

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